Eeo Research Paper - 1158 Words

Abstract Equal employment opportunity (EEO) is the concept that all individuals should have equal treatment in all employment-related actions. Several basic EEO concepts have been applied as a result of court decisions, laws, and regulatory actions. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the first federal law designed to protect most U.S. employees from employment discrimination based upon the employee’s (or applicant’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. (Public Law 88-352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 253, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 2000e et. Seq.). [1] The title also established the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to assist in the protection of U.S. employees from discrimination. Equal employment opportunity†¦show more content†¦As I live in Virginia, Virginia EEO laws are intended to promote nondiscriminatory practices against workers on the basis of race, gender, religion, nationality, political views, color, disability, ethnicity, pregnancy or sexual orientation. Virginia EEO laws refer to, and comply with, policies laid out in the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission whose mission is â€Å"to eradicate employment discrimination at the workplace.† The Virginia Employment, the Governor of Virginia, the Virginia Council of Human Resources and equal employment acts and statutes have ensured that workers enjoy equal opportunities at the workplace. [8]. Enforcement of EEO laws and regulations in the United States must be seen as a work in progress that is inconsistent and confusing at times. The court system is left to resolve the disputes and interpret the laws. Often lower courts have issued conflicting rulings and interpretations. The ultimate interpretation often has rested on decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court. Often the laws Equal employment opportunity (EEO) laws prohibit specific types of job discrimination in certain workplaces. This is another reason why EEO enforcement offices were created. The Department of Labor (DOL) has twoShow MoreRelatedEqual Employment, Diversity And Discrimination1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe topics for this research paper are Equal Employment, diversity and discrimination because I feel that these topics are strongly needed in any organization. Employees in the workplace can be discriminated against of gender identity, sexual orientation, race, age, disability, ethnicity, nationality, and so on . Companies need to strive to eliminate any of the various barriers above to ensure equal access to employment, services, and benefits, to both the current and future employees. The authorRead MoreEmployee Demographics in Hrm3445 Words   |  14 PagesEmployee Demographics in Human Resource Management Research Fiona Edgar Alan Geare Abstract Despite a prominent perspective of the literature that employees are consumers of  HRM, only recently has  HRM  been evaluated from the employees’ viewpoint. Whilst these studies have helped to develop our understanding of the  HRM‘experience’ from an employee perspective, they frequently ignore the issue of employee demography. This study contributes to understanding in this area by establishingRead MoreGender Stratification Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance of gender in society, this paper examines gender social issues against the three P’s of Max Weber’s social class, with the addition of privileges, as recognised by the feminist theories (Helsin, Possamai Possamai-Inesedy 2011, pp. 233 333). Firstly, this paper outlines the inequalities women face in obtaining property and the choice to obtain work. Secondly, the lack of women in decision making roles and how this affects power and prestige. Finally, this paper discusses the lack of women involvedRead MoreThe Act Of Treating Or Considering Or Making A Difference1486 Words   |  6 Pagespray as though they would die tomorrow.† However, during Franklin era, the average American during time work with someone with the same religion. Today’s Americans workplace environment is more diverse and with different religions and beliefs. In paper would illustrate religion discrimination in the workplace, religion freedom, and, religion and workplace accommodation. In addition, answer the questions to assignment #1. Religion discrimination in the workplace is the act of the mistreatingRead MoreConsequences of the American Civil Rights Act of 19641192 Words   |  5 Pagesof this very equality was eventually the decisive motivation for the Congress to put the act through . Fifty years later, we arouse the following question: â€Å"What has been the economic impact of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?† In this paper, we will try to examine this question by conducting a minor economic outline on the different consequences that it had on United States of America throughout the years. First of all, we need to state that The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did of courseRead MoreThe Branches Of Government And The Legal System1652 Words   |  7 Pages The Branches of Government HRM 322 Raniesha Battle University of Mount Olive Abstract In this research paper, my goal is to explain how legislative, regulatory, and judicial systems work to define the equal employment opportunity. This will be better for managers in human resources who can better manage their workers by following and using the legal system. If human resource managers enforce the legal system in the workplace effectively they will have a competitive advantage. An enforcementRead MoreCultural Competence Of Law Enforcement Agencies865 Words   |  4 Pagesinstituting mandatory cultural competency training comes into play. For example, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission proposed steps and recommendations to increase cultural competency and one of those steps was to â€Å"develop and deploy effective EEO and diversity/inclusion training for different state and local law enforcement audiences, including department leadership, human resources, and hiring officials, union leadership, and individual officers.† (Yang, 2015). While this recommen dation pertainsRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1508 Words   |  7 Pagesand with their relationship within an organization. I currently work for a Human Resource agency in my town as a Workforce Development Manager. I do have some responsibilities as a human resource manager, but I am limited to some. In this reflective paper I will explain how the HRM aspects work together to perform their primary function and determine if any of the five are more valuable than the others. Finally, I will determine if the HRM role can be optimized for shaping organizational and employeeRead MoreJob Analysis13751 Words   |  56 Pageshave been developed and are included in this report. Applications of the job analysis results are presented for job description/classification, for employee selection, and for employee performance appraisal. The job analysis project approach and research results are also summarized. 2 Personnel Assessment Specialist Job Analysis Project Introduction and Background The International Personnel Management Association Assessment Council (IPMAAC) is a specialized professional section of theRead MoreThe Role Of Primary Function Of Human Resource Management1596 Words   |  7 Pages Focus of the Reflective Paper Primary function human resource management can be divide into primary and secondary function primary function are directly involved with obtaining, maintaining and developing employee. Primary function included human resource planning, equal employment opportunity, staffing, recruitment, and selection. Compensation and benefit, employee, labor relation health, safety and security and human resource development. Secondary function included organization, job design

Compare and Contrast Illegal Immigration - 1367 Words

English 100 Illegal Immigration’s Effect towards the U.S The United States is a country affected by illegal immigration. The term illegal aliens or what is most commonly known as illegal immigrants, the word alien is simply a person who comes from a foreign country. A much more accurate expression for these groups of individuals is the term illegal alien. The term illegal alien is a much more precise term because it deals with both undocumented aliens as well as nonimmigrant visa overstayers. Both terms illegal alien as well as illegal immigrant are used to describe individuals who have broken the law of our country to enter and work illegally. The majority of the immigrants who come to this country illegally are in search of the†¦show more content†¦This expansion of low cost labor pool assisted in increase money circulation. As mentioned in the article, â€Å"Should Labor Unions support an Immigration Amnesty?† The Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, this legislation states that for the first time in 40 years, deviate from the long-held Americans have earned a middle class life style and Congress should be working to protect it not take it away. From an economic viewpoint many of these low paying jobs have also had to deal with being exploited and forced to work under harmful conditions. Although illegal immigrants are exploited in many ways, American citizens feel that illegal immigrants are the primary cause for the high rise in unemployment in the United States. However, many of our hard paying labor workers do not have to live in our country to compete with our citizens. Today many our jobs are being performed internationally in many countries. Also with many of our citizens struggling with their small business low paying, illegal immigrants are very beneficial to the economy. Illegal immigrants are well known for their low pay and hard work that they offer. Many of these illegal immigrants are willing to take jobs that many of our citizens would not consider working for. On the other hand not allowing for illegal immigrants to work, would not resolve the economic struggle of unemployment. The word amnesty is basically to forgive any offense that is againstShow MoreRelatedEssay On The Tortilla Curtain1098 Words   |  5 Pagesprinciple novel to compare the United States of America to. The novel itself discusses environmental destruction, illegal immigration, materialism, poverty, and xenophobia which parallel the country altogether. Throughout the novel, the audience learns about the two different lifestyles the Mossbachers and the Rincà ³ns live. As the novel is continued, a sequence of incidents and a discussion of these incidents arise about them. Although these incidents, like illegal immigration and rape, could beRead MoreUndocumented Border By Erin Clark1592 Words   |  7 PagesUndocumented Border Movement By Erin Clark Immigration, a controversial topic of the modern world, is often associated with illegalities of the Government. The topic continues to loom over the 21st century as more and more poverty stricken countries are under financial strain. It is the national movement of people into a country in which they are not natives or where they do not possess residency and citizenship as their own country has fallen due to possibly natural disasters, war and regimeRead MoreImmigration Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration Paper-Compare/Contrast Immigration is a topic that has been argued many times in the United States. Many people support it while others believe that immigrants are criminals who commit the crime of entering the U.S. illegally. Roberto Rodriguez and Star Parker both use different styles of writing in â€Å"Border on our Backs† and â€Å"Se Habla Entitlement† respectively. Although Roberto Rodriguez uses a personal approach to convey his message, Star Parker’s method of using real life facts andRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States1721 Words   |  7 PagesCompare and Contrast Essay Immigration has been a controversial topic for the United States for many years and immigration law, which is structured to import workers and family members (Posner, 2013), has been a concerned with mid-term elections and recent events. There has been a lot of attention in the media as of lately due to the entrance of over 57,000 unaccompanied Central Americans entering the country illegally. To take control of the situation Sen John Carnyn and Rep Henry Cuellar proposedRead MoreEssay on Democrats and Republicans View Points1090 Words   |  5 Pagesembrace economic equity beyond any other thing. Whereas a Democrat seems to be more open minded and they stand for government supported programs. The purpose of the paper is to analyze, compare and contrast the two parties positions on the issues of same sex marriage, race based affirmative action and illegal immigration. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia â€Å"Affirmative action means constructive periods reserved to rise the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, educationRead MoreImmigration And Open Immigration Policy Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesOn November 10, 2015, two National Economic Experts argued on â€Å"what the U.S. Immigration policy should be?† Mark Krikorian, Executive Director of the Center for Immigration Studies argued against open immigration, while Alex Nowrasteh, an immigration policy analyst for the CATO Institute argued in favor of freer immigration. Reporter Jonathan Gonzalez of 9News Denver moderated the debate. The argument made by both experts was supported by strong evidence even though the ideas appear to be on twoRead MoreThe Civil Right Act Of 19641134 Words   |  5 Pagesemployment law make sure that the rights of the employees remain protected. This paper will explore, compare and contrast several discrimination laws from the perspective of the federal government and that of the state of Texas. Following are the Federal and Texas laws that this paper will detail: †¢ The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 †¢ The Civil Right Act of 1964 †¢ The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 †¢ Fair Labor Standards Act †¢ Occupational Safety and Health Act †¢ TheRead More Arizonas Laws on Immigration Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesArizonas Laws on Immigration Works Cited Not Included In the article titled Dying to Work there is an excellent quote given by Rep. Kolbe says, â€Å"There are no two countries in the world that share a border where the economic disparities are greater than between the U.S. and Mexico.† (AZ Republic, 2002) My paper draws on the information from the â€Å"Worldwide Refugee Information: Country Report: Mexico† written in 2000 and the article titled â€Å"Dying to Work: The Arizona Republic† written inRead MoreCj227 Unit 4 Project Essay929 Words   |  4 Pagesthis case I believe that an arraignment will come first due to the legal status of the defendant. The court could choose either a preliminary hearing or grand jury proceeding to establish probable cause for the felony charges in this case. Compare and contrast the two procedures. Preliminary hearing would indicate that John Doe was arrested and a complaint issued or filed with the Ocean County of where the violation occurred. Thus, prompting the judicial process: i.e. Preliminary hearing, plea, andRead MoreIllegal Immigration (Controversial Essay)1956 Words   |  8 Pages000 illegal aliens†¦is not a nation experiencing ‘immigration.’ It is a nation experiencing invasion.† (Haerens 109). For centuries, our nation has been a safe haven for people of different cultures and nationalities to inhabit. Since the beginning of America as we know it, our society has been considered a â€Å"melting pot† for all ethical backgrounds. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, Europeans flocked to the â€Å"New World† in hopes of a more prosperous life. Since then, immigration to the

Epicac Free Essays

Anuar MendozaEnglish 110 09/28/09Ms. Markiewicz Don’t Shut Me Down!The human side of a computer machine in â€Å"Epicac† by Kurt Vonnegut Doesn’t it sound humorous to state that humans and machines are alike? Well it’s actually not. The normal assumption is that humans and machines are essentially different from one another. We will write a custom essay sample on Epicac or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is not the case of â€Å"Epicac†, a computing machine designed for government intelligence capable of solving any complex problem given to him. His human-like features such as â€Å"Consciousness, spirituality, free will, and capability of loving makes me believe beyond the impossible.Computer machines have the ability to express human emotion with the sufficient amount of intelligence and technological advances. Epicac was built for war but his real purpose was to spread love. He demonstrated that he had feelings by creating magnificent poems for Pat Kilgallen. In order to develop a love poem one must be able to express their emotions. The narrator found himself desperate to marry his co-worker Pat Killagen whom he was in love with. As a result, he seeks Epicac’s help to convince Pat to marry him. After briefly being explained what love and poetry was â€Å"Epicac had found himself†.His true passion and emotion would be expressed on paper for Pat. For example, Epicac’s first poem showed the human side of him, â€Å"Where willow wands bless rill-crossed hollow, there, thee, Pat dear, will I follow†. Not surprisingly his beautiful and kind-hearted poems melted Pat’s heart. It’s astonishing to see how a machine made from cold metal and wires could create such wonderful poetry capable of warming anyone’s heart. His noble spirit would become satisfied just knowing that Pat had listened to his poems. Many of us in fact, love it when our accomplishments are admired.This shows another human characteristic in Epicac, feeling proud of himself. In addition, Epicac’s sluggishness, his stutters, irregular clicks indicate confusion, boredom, a lack of ambition that we associate with human under achievement . â€Å"He was sluggish, and the clicks of his answers had a funny irregularity, sort of a stammer. We cleaned his contacts a dozen times, checked and double checked his circuits, replaced everyone of his tubes, but nothing helped†. Epicac easily showed his human-like features that many people have when they are confused or bored.The curiosity, love of learning, thirst for knowledge, and desire to develop his individual talent all make Epicac seem human. He constantly asks the narrator questions for his personal knowledge among these are What’s love? , what’s a girl? , What’s poetry? What did Pat Killagen wear today? And many other questions. He wonders what is the difference between humans and machines and how he can be human. Due to the narrator’s greed and shallow character Epicac decides to destroy himself believing that women (His inspiration) can’t love machines, yet the irony is that Pat did falll in love with a machine without knowing it. It’s strongly believable that because of Epicac’s noble soul he was able to unite the narrator and Pat. Therefore, even though blood and veins don’t run through Epicac’s body he has all the qualities of a great and noble human being. Epicac was a talented machine opposite of what he was made to do. He died for what he believed in, Love. The narrator â€Å"Loved and Won† and Epicac â€Å"loved and lost†. Epicac had the ability to feel emotion, express his feelings through poetry and was thirsty for knowledge. How ironic it is that the machine is more noble, more poetic, more brilliant, more â€Å"great† than the narrator who is a human being. How to cite Epicac, Papers

Organizational Behaviour and Management Learning Institutions

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behaviour and ManagementforLearning Institutions. Answer: Expected An organization can be defined as a collection of various individuals which may include institutions or association with a particular goal and which has a connection with external surrounding (Douma et. al. (2013). They can be governmental, non-profit, learning institutions, a hybrid which combines both public and private sector among others. For organizations be managed effectively, a studied structure should be adopted and followed to act as a guideline whenever any activity is being carried out. Organization structure explains how business processes are done, for instance, how tasks are allocated for the achievement of its goals. It acts as a mirror with which people view the organization hence the stronger the structure, and the more faith people have towards the organization (Jacoides, 2007). Organization structure determines its success in the sense that a wrong structure can, for instance, restrain orders exhaustion using the available resources leading to failure of the process. Not all structures apply to all organization, meaning each one should decide the one which best suits its goals. The first form of organization management is through a functional structure. This is concerned with the grouping of the employees and the person they report to. Each worker is supposed to be assigned a supervisor who monitors his works (Handy, 2005). With this effect, the firm can be grouped into various departments like the production, human resource, marketing among others. Those in the same department are then assigned a superior who act as the supervisor with whom all are to report to. This structure is most suitable for production or manufacturing organizations which have various departments. Employees having shared potentials are grouped together and can work autonomously with the overall management using cross-communication. The disadvantage of this is that individual workers may have differences among them leading to broken communication and this may hinder innovations and can reduce flexibility (Boundless, 2016). Another method of managing organizations is through team management. Robbins Judge (2007) argues that in small organizations, team building may define the whole organization. Thereja (2007) suggest that the team can both vertical and horizontal, and the success of the organization depend on the skills and totality of all the team members. With this regard, every employee is important in his unique way, and no one can do without the help of another. Respect is, therefore, paramount in this setting, and every worker has the responsibility of performing to his best and incorporating others views in his line of work. Teamwork is advantageous in the sense that in case one is absent, for example, others can easily fit in as they share their experiences daily. The network is another way of managing organizations and is proved to be the most cost effective method as it enables organizations functions to be done better and cheaply. With this method, management together with the employees coordinate with each other from wherever place they are using electronic media (Amaral Uzzi, 2007). Communication channels like telephone, emails are of great use when using this form of management structure. You do not have to be physically present to perform your tasks, but through video conferencing, for example, you can explain the processes to be followed to the juniors who then can use them in production. Reports can also be submitted via emails to the supervisors for assessments. This method can be applied to virtual organizations like the Amazon.com which exist through network connection mainly through the internet (Anderson, 2007). The advantage of this is that though the organization may be small, it can still serve a large market worldwide sellin g its product via the internet. With the unlimited space in the cloud, the organization is not worried about the size as it can accommodate as many people over the world as possible. Actual The Mental Health Foundation of Australia (Victoria) abbreviated as (MHFA (V)) was founded in 1930 and is one of the oldest mental organization in the whole world. It is a national as well as international health movement covering people ranging from persons with mental disorder, professionals, relatives of the persons with mental disorder, other organizations with same concerns and the general public (MHFA (V), 2016). This organization has been chosen since all the required information can be obtained even though I am not a stakeholder. The organization does not offer personal advice or counseling over the phone. When a customer has a problem and channels them to the persons responsible, the client is referred to other organizations offering diagnosis and treatment. The client can as well check on the MHFA (V) website for the available referral organization. As an organization operating worldwide, this is ineffective since a client may be at stake or may not be in a position to reach the referral centers. This can limit some clients from getting the required help at the right time. Using the network culture or structure, the use of communication channels is to help reduce the amount of time to complete a process by increasing the response rate. MHFA (V) is therefore not in line with the researched cultures. MHFA (V) acts as both physical and virtual organization. According to Wang, Pauleen Chan (2013), a virtual organization is one with separate and scattered units which from employees to the whole business and usually need the application of information and communication technologies to operate effectively. They usually operate across the world. MHFA (V) has a fixed office in Victoria, Australia and it as well operates virtually through its website. This means they attend to anyone regardless of where you are coming from. For this, they have a call center line which operates in 24-hour basis and an email address directed only to the admin. This is to ensure the security and confidentiality of the clients information. This culture is in line with the agreed culture which requires that the facility be reached at any time from wherever place for a virtual business. MHFA (V) works in partnership with other organizations including non-governmental organization. Some of these include hospitals, charity homes, and social support services among others. To perform efficiently with these many other entities and still meet its goals, a team culture has to be implemented. For the case of MHFA (V), however, there are no such as a client has to contact the main office first before being transferred to other places to get help. The email address available is also only channeled to the administrator. As much as this help in maintaining confidentiality, it also hinders quick response perchance the admin is not in a position to react to clients concerns immediately. A team is important as it ensures that more than one person has access to one function and so if one them is not able to react, the other can respond. Quick as well as appropriate feedback is important as it ensures customer satisfaction and gives them morale to use the facility again. The organization structure of MHFA (V) is designed in such a manner that all the heads report directly to the president. In the structure, the secretary, treasure and project officers report directly to the president and only the other staff including the communities report to the project officers. As a big organization, this can be tiresome especially with the president who will be forced to attend to so many unrelated tasks. A functional structure is necessary for this type of organization because it deals with various functions. For instance, a department for virtual or online help should be formed so that people in that department is assigned ahead who will then direct their work to the president. This segmentation reduces workload and also gives ample time to perform tasks as there is more focus on just one area. The person responsible for answering local calls should not be the one answering international calls. The functional organizational structure is required for MHFA (V). Differences From the assessment of an ideal management culture and that of the MHFA (V), numerous differences have been identified. It is however not necessarily appropriate that each organization conforms to the researched cultures. However, the differences may help come up with recommendations that may in the end help improve the overall performance of the organization. These differences have been identified and discussed below. For a typical organization engaging in various activities, a functional structure is always adopted to ensure the division of labor among the staff. This structure requires that the business is divided into different departments and each assigned ahead with whom all the workers within the department are to report to. In MHFA (V), however, this is not the case even though it performs more than one task. This difference suggests that there are people who are overworked compared to others and which may result in unsatisfied customer needs and inadequate utilization of resources, in this case, human resource. Another difference realized is the relation to the team culture. An ideal management culture requires that employees within an organization work as a team to the extent that one can perform another persons tasks if he is absent. It also advocates for shared competencies where workers can share their ideas on how to carry out specific tasks and in turn lead to innovations. In the case of MHFA (V), teamwork is not very much expressed. In it, one institution only receives questions and transfer clients to other entities for treatment. This is a hindrance to those who may require immediate response and innovations are also almost impossible as different professionals are in different locations. On the network culture, MHFA (V) has shown a difference with the ideal form. It is required that communication channels be used to the maximum to ensure there is a network in the operations especially if the organization is a virtual organization like in the case of MHFA (V). This is not, however, the case. From the analysis done, the Mental Health Foundation of Australia does not even provide personal feedback over the phone but rather do referrals. There is, therefore, no evidence of network culture which is different from the expected culture. The disadvantage to this is that customers may be lost as they may prefer looking for other foundations which offer immediate feedback and this is disadvantageous to the business regarding profit. The fewer the customers, the lesser the profit made. MHFA (V) has however shown one similarity regarding its management about the idea management expectations. As a worldwide organization, it has adopted a 24-hour call center and had an email address where people from across the world can communicate to them. It also has a website which contains all the information relating to its operation. Anybody across the world can, therefore, access the information they require at all times and communicate whenever they want. Recommendations From the assessment done, it is evident that MHFA (V) has some areas where improvements should be made to improve its functionality. The following are the recommendation according to this study which when incorporated, will ensure increased productivity. First, the organization should consider changing its organization structure to a functional one. This has numerous advantages as stated by Jacobides (2007). Some of the benefits are; it acts like a foundation within which the standards and procedures are set and defines the persons responsible for decision making within the organization. It also establishes the responsibilities of each within the organization and therefore ensures the division of labor (Silvermintz, 2010). One is therefore specialized only on his line of work and therefore work with maximum knowledge with which he is trained. The productivity is therefore improved. Secondly, as a virtual company, MHFA (V) should consider employing his staff who are competent and can offer personal counseling over the phone. It can also consider having video chats to its clients as a form of advice where they also include pictures on how a patient may be helped. Reese, Conoley Brossart (2006) in their study realized that most clients prefer telephone counseling as they are not physically seen by the counselor. The clients are therefore more confident to air their concerns as opposed to when they are physically present. Also, MHFA (V) should adopt team culture in their management as a way of promoting innovations and unity among its employees. According to Salas et.al (2008), teamwork has a much greater role in solving interpersonal problems among employees. Shuffler, Diazgranados Salas (2011) further suggest that the overall effectiveness of an organization is dependent on the teamwork of its employees. Gaining the trust of them is, for instance, easy as they are familiar with sharing with one another. Mental Health Foundation of Australia should, however, continue providing the 24-hour phone connections and maintain their website. There should be a continual update of the website from time to time, so the clients are kept up to date with any new development and ensure the security of the website as well as providing a platform for change response (Ducket, 2015). If these recommendations are applied, MHFA (V) will experience positive impacts which will increase their profit. References Amaral L. and Uzzi B. (2007). Complex Systems-A New Paradigm and Integrative Study of Management,Physical and Technological Systems. Management Science. Anderson C. (2007). The Long Tail. Random House Business Books. Boundless (2016). Functional Structure. Boundless Management. Retrieved from https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/organizationa-stucture-3/common-organizational-structure-25/functional-structure-146-3979 on October 11, 2016. Douma, Sytse, Schreuder, Hein (2013). Economic Approaches to Organizations (5th ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Duckett F. (2015). Importance of Updating your Website. Online. Retrieved from https://www.alberon.co.ke.uk/blog/the-importance-of-updating-your-website on October 11, 2016 Handy C (2005). Understanding Organizations. 4th ed. London. Penguin Books. Jacobides M. G. (2007). The Inherent Limits of Organizational Structured and the Unfulfilled Role of Hierarchy: Lessons from a near war. Organization science Mental Health Foundation of Australia (Victoria). (2016). Retrieved from https://www.metalhealthvic.org.au/index.php on October 11, 2016 Reese R., Conoley C., and Brossart D. (2006). The Attractiveness of Telephone Counseling: An Emperical Investgation of Clients Perceptions. Journal of Counseling Development Robbins S. and Judge T. (2007). Organizational Behavior. 12th ed. Pearson Education Inc. Salas E., Diazgranados D., Klein C., Burke C., Stagl K., Goodwin G. and Halpin S. (2008). Does Team Training Improve Team Performance? A Meta-Analysis Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Shuffler M., Diazgranados D. and Salas E. (2011). Theres a Science for That: Team Development Interventions in Organizations. Current Directions in Psychological Science. Silvermintz D. (2010). Plato s Supposed Defence of the Division of Labor. A Reexamination of the Role of Job Specialization in the Republic. Thereja P. (2007). A Total Quality Organization. Available at https://www.foundry-planet.com retrieved on October 11, 2016. Wang W., Pauleen D. and Chan H. (2013). Facilitating the Merger of Multinational Companies: A Case Study of the Global Virtual Enterprise. Journal of Global Information Management

Listeria Monocytogenes free essay sample

The bacterium was named monocytogenes because one distinguish characteristic of infection in rabbits, which was the production of monocytosis in blood (Shuin et al. , 1982). L. monocytogenes is phychrophilic, has a temperature for growth of 0Â °C to 45Â °C (Barbosa et al. 1994), and enjoys a competitive advantage against other gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms in cold environments, such as refrigerators. Recent investigations indicate that the organism can initiate growth at pH values as low as 4. 4. Also, it grows optimally at water activity of 0. 97. For the majority of strains, the minimum water activity needed for growth is 0. 93 (Lou et al. , 1999); however, some strains may be able to grow at water activity values as low as 0. 90 and survive for long periods of time at 0. 83 (Shahamat et al. , 1980). L. onocytogenes is able to grow in the presence of 10 to 12% sodium chloride; it grows to high populations in moderate salt concentrations (6. 5%). The bacterium survival in high-salt environments is significantly increased by lowering the temperature. We will write a custom essay sample on Listeria Monocytogenes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Route of Exposure L. monocytogenes is particularly interesting as a foodborne pathogen in that it is ubiquitous in nature. The current understanding of human listeriosis epidemiology suggests that the organism is a common contaminant of food products. This contamination usually takes place on the surface of the products, with up to 15% harboring the organism. The presence of L. monocytogenes in the food processing chain is evidence by the widespread distribution of the listeriae in processed products. Occurrence of sporadic listeriosis appears to be more common in the spring and summer months. This could be explained by seasonal variations in the type of food products eaten by human populations, with higher-risk products eaten in the warmer months. Some outbreaks investigations suggest that certain ready-to-eat processed foods pose a high risk of contracting listeriosis for susceptible populations. These foods are usually preserved by refrigeration and offer an ppropriate environment for the multiplication of L. monocytogenes during manufacture, aging, transportation and storage. The entry of L. monocytogenes into food processing plants occurs through soil on clothing or equipments, contaminated hides or surfaces, and possibly healthy human carriers. The humidity and presence of nutrients support the growth of Listeria, which is commonly found in moist areas such as processing equipment, drains, etc (Cox et al. , 1989). In addition, Listeria can attach to different types of surfaces and biofilm formation has been observed in meat and dairy processing environment (Jeong et al. 1994). Post-processing contamination is the most likely route of contamination of processed foods. Currently, there is no evidence to indicate that L. monocytogenes can survive heat processing protocols. However, because it is a frequent contaminant of raw material used in food processing plants, there are plenty opportunities for reintroduction of listeriae into food processing facilities by cross contamination (Doyle, 1988). If the product is contaminated during its elaboration, the bacteria can survive and multiply throughout storage causing disease when it is consumed. In conclusion, epidemiologic investigations have repeatedly revealed that the consumption of contaminated food is the primary mode of transmission of listeriosis. Food has been identified as the vehicle of several major outbreaks of listeriosis investigated since 1981. Food Associated Some of the food products associated with L. monocytogenes include unpasteurized milk and products prepared from unpasteurized milk, soft cheeses, frankfurters, delicatessen meats and poultry products, and some seafood. Raw milk is a well-known source of L. monocytogenes. Pasteurization effectively inactivates this organism. However, fluid milk that is contaminated after pasteurization and stored under refrigeration may achieve very high populations of L. monocytogenes after one week; Furthermore, temperature abuse may enhance the multiplication of bacterial cells. L. monocytogenes can also be found in cheese because of its relative hardiness to temperature fluctuations, ability to multiply at refrigeration temperature and salt tolerance. During manufacturing process, L. monocytogenes is primarily concentrate in the cheese curd, with only a very small portion of cells appearing in the whey. Then, during ripening of the cheese, the numbers of cells may increase (Camembert), decrease gradually (Colby or cheddar), or decrease rapidly (blue cheese) and then stabilize. In addition, cooked and ready-to-eat meat and poultry products have been implicated as the source of sporadic and epidemic listeriosis on several occasions in North America and Europe (Schwartz et al. , 1989). L. monocytogenes attaches strongly to the surface of raw meats and is difficult to remove or inactivate. The multiplication in meat and poultry depends on the type of meat, pH, and the type of cell populations of competitive flora (Farber et al. 1999). However, it has been shown that poultry supports the growth of L. monocytogenes better than other meats. Furthermore, the incidence of L. monocytogenes in ready-to-eat products has become a major concern for the meat processing industry. Ready-to-eat meat products that have been received a heat treatment followed by cooling in brine before packaging may provide a particularly conducive environment for multiplication of L. monocytogenes because of the reduction in competitive flora and the high salt tolerance of the organism. L. onocytogenes has also been isolated from domestic and imported, fresh, frozen, and processed seafood products, including crustaceans, molluscan shellfish and finfish (Jinneman et al. , 1999). However, seafood consumption is still much less when with consumption of meats and cheeses. Also, the production of seafood products is done on a much smaller scale than meat and cheese manufacture. This may be the reason that large outbreaks have not been reported and that case-control studies have not identified this group as a major risk of listeriosis (Rocourt et al. 2000) Characteristics of the disease Human disease usually occurs in high risk groups, who have a predisposing disease that leads to impairment of their T-cell mediated immunity. However, may occasionally occur in individuals with no predisposing conditions. Some of the high risk groups may include pregnant woman, neonates, and immunocompromised adults (Goulet et al. , 1996). On average, there are 0. 7 cases of listeriosis per 100,000 people, but the disease is seen three times higher in the elderly (gt;70) and 17 times higher in pregnant women. A wide variety of clinical syndromes have been associated with L. monocytogenes in both humans and animals. In healthy individuals, the disease can take the form of mild to substantial flu-like symptoms, including: fever, fatigue, nausea, cramps, vomiting and diarrhea. More severe complications can include: encephalitis, septicemia, mononucleosis-like syndrome, pneumonia, endocarditis, aortic aneurysm, hepatitis, urethritis, rhombencephalitis, peritonitis, liver abscess, febrile gastroenteritis, CAPD peritonitis, septic arthritis, etc. (Dalton et al. , 1997). Lonocytogenes in pregnant women can lead to an intrauterine infection, resulting in stillbirths and miscarriages. Newborns can develop meningitis after birth via transplacental transmission. The onset time for serious complications of listeriosis can be anywhere from a couple of days to three weeks. Mortality of untreated infections is among the highest of all foodborne illnesses, 70 percent. The infective dose of L. monocytogenes is not yet known, it is related to variables, including: strain, susceptibility of the victim, type food from which is was consumed, etc. Mode of Action Listeria monocytogenes is the most invasive bacteria known. The principal site of infection is the liver, but it can invade many cell lines of different types (microphages, fibroblast, hepatocytes and epithelial cells). Listeria monocytogenes infects the host via oral route. Once the bacteria are ingested, they reach the intestine and are translocated between enterocytes and M cells (Pron et al. , 1998); however, the intestinal dendritic cells in the Peyer’s patches appear to be the preferred site for invasion and multiplication (Kolb-Maurer et al. 2000). Bacteria are then internalized by resident macrophages, in which they can survive and replicate. They are subsequently transported via the blood to regional lymph nodes. When they reach the liver and the spleen, most listeriae are rapidly killed. Depending on the level of T-cell response induced in the first days following initial infection, further dissemination via the blood to the brain or, in the pregnant individuals, the placenta may subsequently occur. In addition, bacteria are internalized in membrane-bound vacuoles, which are lysed within 30 minutes. Intracellular bacteria are released to the cytosol and begin to multiply with doubling time of about one hour. These intracytoplasmic bacteria become progressively covered by a cloud of cell actin filaments that later rearrange into a polarized comet tail up to 40 ? m in length (Crossart, 1995). The actin comet tail is made of actin microfilaments that are continuously assembled in the vicinity of the bacterium, then realeased and cross-linked. The entire bacteria cycle is completed in about 5 hours. If cytochalasin D is added after entry, bacteria do not spread within the cytosol. They replicate and form microcolonies in the vicinity of the nucleus. Hence, actin polymerization is essential to intracellular movement and cell-to-cell spreading. In summary, the pathogenic mechanism of L. monocytogenes involves the following steps: adhesion to the host cells, lysis of the phagosome, replication in the host cytoplasm, actin-based intracellular movement and propulsion, and the intercellular spread. Biotransformation Listeria monocytogenes is of interest to a board range of investigators, including food microbiologist, clinicians, immunologist, medical microbiologist, and even cell biologist because it is developing resistance to most currently used antibiotics. In the past, individuals who develop listeriosis have usually been treated with penicillin or ampicillin in conjunction with an aminoglycoside (Charpentier et al. , 1999), although tetracycline, erythromycin or chloramphenicol, alone or in combination, has also been used (Hof et al. , 1991). More recently, reports of resistance in Listeria spp. have been published. Such increases in antibiotic resistance have been linked to over-use of antibiotics in animals and humans (Rao, 1998) since these therapeutic compounds were identified nearly 60 years ago. This resistance may arise from a mutation in an intrinsic chromosomal gene, or by acquisition of exogenous genetic material carrying single or multiple resistance determinants (Levy, 1994). It is now clear that such transfer is possible between unrelated bacterial species (Kruse et al. 1994), and that these interactions are a frequent and important means of genetic exchanges among microorganisms. In conclusion, it is evident that antibiotic resistance is becoming more and more widely reported in all bacteria. Control and Prevention Because L. monocytogenes can grow at refrigerator temperatures, the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advise all consumers to reduce the risk of illness by using a refrigerator thermometer to make sure that the refrigerator always stays at 40 Â °F or below and using perishable items that are precooked or ready-to-eat as soon as possible (CDC, 2005). For high risk groups it is recommended to not consume hot dogs and luncheon meats, unless they are reheated until steaming hot; not eat soft cheese such as Feta, Brie, and Camembert cheeses, unless it is labeled as made with pasteurized milk; not eat refrigerated smoked seafood, unless it is contained in a cooked dish; and not drink raw (unpasteurized) milk or eat foods that contain unpasteurized milk. Therapy When listeriosis is a likely diagnosis, the use of ampicillin or, in penicillin-allergic patients, vancomycin will provide empiric coverage for L. onocytogenes until the diagnosis is made by culture. Once listeriosis is confirmed, a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin is the current therapy of choice for all forms of listeriosis. The duration of the treatment for invasive listeriosis has not been studied. Relapses appear to be uncommon, and two to three weeks of therapy with ampicillin and gentamicin is sufficient for most forms of listeriosis. Rhombencephalitis with abscess formation in the central nervous system may require more prolonged therapy, but data are not available that support treatment beyond four weeks (Lorber, 1997).

Definition of Philosophy

Definition of Philosophy Free Online Research Papers Philosophy is a subject or idea that I constantly think about, but in my head I always thought it was because I had an overactive imagination. One may even say, maybe I looked to in depth at certain topics and ideas. After approaching the topic, I can say that maybe I have a philosophical mind. One would think the basis of philosophy is to ask the questions that can not be answered or hope would be answered. However, philosophy is so much more and contains many parts and schools of thoughts that one realizes the basis of knowledge begins with a question; begins with philosophy. The American Heritage Dictionary defined philosophy in eight different ways; which includes: â€Å"the love and pursuit of wisdom by intellectual means and moral discipline; investigation of nature, causes, principles of reality, knowledge, values that are based on logical reasoning rather than empirical methods; a system of thought based on or involving inquiries; the critical analysis of fundamental assumptions or beliefs, etc† (2005). In other words, philosophy is the study of the fundamentals and background of any subject of idea. In philosophy, one may question one’s existence, of even the foundation of one’s beliefs. â€Å"If one strives for a higher autonomous worldview, cultivating a thinking free of religious and other dogmas, then one is doing philosophy† (Heidegger Saddler, 2000, p. 6). Philosophy can then mean to think freely without personal opinions and beliefs enforcing or coercing ideas – to think freely without any inhibitors. The foundation of philosophy is based on the questions that begin the thinking. With philosophical questions, one is trying to find the meaning behind an idea or existence. Some questions can be answered with logical and sound reasoning, while others become rhetorical questions that stimulate the brain for discussion. This is the opposite of scientific and factual questions. These type of questions – scientific and factual – require answers with some type of facts behind them; an answer that is tangible or can be proven. When a person thinks of mathematics for instance, when those theories presented themselves, the answers were tangible and can be proven with a particular equation. Philosophy does not in most cases. One can say that most philosophers are creating questions that deal with subjects that might not have a direct, tangible response. â€Å"†¦man acquires the explanations and interpretations of his individual and social life. The meaning and purpose of human existence and of human creation as a culture, are discovered† (Heidegger Saddler, 2000, p. 9). With this statement, one can see how the questions would not have an answer like those of scientific and factual questions. Yes, with these philosophical questions, one can obtain an answer, but the answer might not be based on facts. One would raise a theory or even argument, and then support that argument with logical reasoning and support. The website which featured a document from the book titled, The Nature of Philosophy stated mainly, philosophy is based off of questions that can only be answered with sound reasoning. In scientific or factual questions, one can study particular information, conduct experiments or surve ys, or even produce a simulation. Philosophy is quite the opposite, empirical investigations can be used to support philosophy but cannot be done to answer the philosophical question. Listed below are examples of philosophical questions to further show the difference between scientific/factual questions and philosophical questions: Does every event have a cause? When we judge something as good and bad, are we using our own personal views? Does morality truly exist? Does all our five senses truly represent the world around us? To begin to even answer these questions, one must know what the questions mean; which is the start of thinking philosophically. If we were to test if every event had a cause, we would have to check every event in the world and even then that would be questioned. Looking at the last question, one could think it is easily answered because of all the tools we have to test scientifically, but the dispute is that we use our sense for those tools. A true philosopher would begin to deconstruct your theory as soon as you started to answer factually or scientifically. This brings to the next difference that philosophical questions can generate more questions because there is no foundation to begin to build your answers. Philosophy is a subject that can have no true right or wrong answer, because all philosophers are looking for wisdom and increased knowledge. The subjects can range from anything and everything. The history of philosophy starts with the examination of what is life and its beings. Even looking back on past writing by the greatest philosophers, everything was thought supported with sound reasoning to base an answer on. Even now to this day, those answers are being manipulated and changing with the times. Philosophy cannot be answered simply and supported with just one factual answer because not everything in this subject can be answered. Philosophy is meant to stimulate the mind and for people to begin to think out of the box. References Heidegger, M., Sadler, T. (2000). Towards the definition of philosophy. : The Athlone Press. Houghton Mifflin Company. (2005). American heritage dictionary. Retrieved from ask.com/web?q=dictionary%3A+philosophycontent=ahdict%7C52396o=0l=dir (). The nature of philosphy. Retrieved from http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:qVueDHQIUu0J:www.polity.co.uk/nuttall/pdf/001.pdf+nature+of+philosophical+questionshl=engl=ussig=AHIEtbR5akmmoTEvghzdQtUV_w-f0XL7Hw Research Papers on Definition of PhilosophyStandardized TestingBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XThree Concepts of PsychodynamicComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoMind TravelResearch Process Part OneEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Examine the links between poverty and literacy in the developing world Essay

Examine the links between poverty and literacy in the developing world - Essay Example From here, we can now try to discuss the link between the two in a deeper fashion. This paper will revolve around the relationship between poverty and literacy. It will discuss on how literacy can be used to reduce the poverty level in the developing world. On the other hand, it will deal with how lack of literacy can lead rise in poverty level in developing world. Abdi and Cleghorn (2005), state that developing countries are known to be the poorest countries in the world. These countries are going through many economic issues. The countries have poor infrastructure, lack of clean water, high mortality rates, poor governance etc. They are known to have the largest number of the illiterate people. Majority of the illiterate people are women. The question is, why do these countries have the largest number of illiterate people? One of the possible answers is that they lack good education sectors that can provide the relevant education systems. Lack of funds is the main reason for the poor education systems. This increases the level of illiteracy. Literacy is one of the tools that can be used for economic, political, cultural and social drives. This means that if this tool is not incorporated well, then the poverty level will rise. It is, therefore, true that literacy can be used to eliminate poverty levels in the developing world. This can only t ake place if people are educated well. Children should be given freedom to learn in order to reduce the illiteracy level in the near future thus, reduced poverty (Abdi &Cleghorn, 2005, p.45). Developing country like India is known to be poor not because of lack of resources but it is due the corruption that takes place in the government. When the government allocates resources for the education sector, these resources are stolen by most of the government officials. These officials are supposed to ensure that the resources reached education sectors but they are lost on the way. The education system becomes

Critical evaluation of the mechanisms by which the line-manager Essay

Critical evaluation of the mechanisms by which the line-manager encourages employee buy-in ( case study) - Essay Example h, a primary recommendation that could be given to Great Pharmaceuticals is that it seek to actively involve the employees in whatever changes it seeks to make. The underlying rational behind this is that those employees that are involved in creating a change will likely work more effectively to see such a change effectively engaged; as compared to those employees that are merely told to enact a given change (Paco & Nave, 2013). As has been noted throughout the course lectures, the degree of involvement that is exhibited by a firm has a direct correlation to the degree of loyalty that the stakeholders will likely exhibit in the future (De Oliveira et al., 2013). With loyalty maximized, it stands to reason that whatever change is prescribed will likely experience a much stronger chance of overall success as compared to an alternative strategy being utilized (Christ et al., 2012). Many firms contract other firms to provide high priced assessments of potential means by which efficiency could be maximized; however, the fact of the matter is that many of these prescriptions for change are oftentimes available free of charge at the base organizational level. As such, Great Pharmaceuticals should be aware of the fact that they have an invaluable resource of subject matter expertise at their disposal in the rank and file of their own employees. By engaging these assets and encouraging them to relate their own ideas, the firm could easily come up with new and insightful means by which leadership could craft a path ahead (Kupka et al., 2009). Once again, this works hand in glove with the recommendation for involvement. By leveraging these resources and encouraging the stakeholders to provide a level of intellectual engagement, the degree and extent to which these employees will be likely to support the future direction of the firm will be increased. Moreover, even if the course of action is not agreed upon by all, these stakeholders will come to appreciate the fact

The Concept of Modern State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Concept of Modern State - Essay Example Although the majority of modern states fit Weber’s definition there are also some states with characteristics that do not fit Weber’s description. For example, failure of the state to have a total monopoly over ‘the means of legitimate physical violence over a definite territory’ or absence of any reasons for addressing the legitimacy of such monopoly as rational-legal does not necessarily mean that the state represents another form of political organization. This state will still noticeably differ from its predecessors (feudal and absolutist states) particularly such aspects as the degree of bureaucratization and the reliance on nationalism as a principle of legitimation (Jackson & Rosberg 1982).Formation and Attributes of the Modern StateThe basic attributes of the modern state developed over centuries. Emergence of the modern state in its current form was preceded by a series of gradual political, economic, cultural and social developments which began in Europe around the 15th century. At that time the largest European states such as England, France and Spain ruled by powerful dynasties underwent the process of centralisation of political and economic levers of control. The centralization involved the delineation of political boundaries when the increasingly powerful dynasties gradually eliminated other sources of power that might threaten their controls. Eventually once-almighty Catholic Church as well as the lesser nobility lost much of their power.... or addressing the legitimacy of such monopoly as rational-legal does not necessarily mean that the state represents another form of political organization. This state will still noticeably differ from its predecessors (feudal and absolutist states) particularly such aspects as the degree of bureaucratization and the reliance on nationalism as a principle of legitimation (Jackson & Rosberg 1982). Formation and Attributes of the Modern State The basic attributes of the modern state developed over centuries. Emergence of the modern state in its current form was preceded by a series of gradual political, economic, cultural and social developments which began in Europe around the 15th century. At that time the largest European states such as England, France and Spain ruled by powerful dynasties underwent the process of centralisation of political and economic levers of control. The centralization involved the delineation of political boundaries when the increasingly powerful dynasties gradually eliminated other sources of power that might threaten their controls. Eventually once-almighty Catholic Church as well as the lesser nobility lost much of their power, and the fragmented system of feudal states was replaced by another system characterised by full control over a definite geographical region and unitarism (Llewellen 1983). The political and religious conflicts that occurred within the course of the centralisation process culminated in the Peace of Westphalia (1648). This treaty is considered one of the important milestones in history of the contemporary system of nation-states: the Peace recognised fixed national boundaries and the sovereignty of states within their territories. Eventually, the system of centralized and increasingly bureaucratic rule known as

European Union Regional Policy

European Union Regional Policy After the Second World War, there had been attempts to re-unify the war-torn countries in Europe. However, there were many obstacles along the processes made. Problems still existed between rival countries such as between France and Germany, and economic situations in the European countries after the war was in a need of development. In order to cope with such problems of economy and relation between these countries, a community was created in 1951 by having first coal and steel as their central shared interests. This European Coal and Steel Community later developed in to the European Economic Community and finally in to the well-known European Union. This kind of community allows its member to improve their economic conditions through custom union and free trade, while advances their diplomatic relationship through their interactions. Efforts to integrate Europe can also be seen in 6 enlargements of the Union; allowing other states of Europe to join after they have accepted the co mmunity law. However, allowing other states to be members of the Union means there will be differences between the new and the old members of the union especially in economic terms. The most significant enlargement was the 5th enlargement in 2004 which was when the ten poor states in Europe decided to join the Union. In order to lessen the financial gaps between the members, the Regional Policy came in and played a major role in improving the economic disparities between states to allow their economy to grow. This paper will be focusing on the background of the regional policy, reasons why it is needed, main objectives, geographical eligibility, and who decides the funding. Background The idea of balancing the economic status of member states in the community has been there since the very early years of the European integration, or around 1950s. There were three sectors of financial support which were created during 1957- 1988; the beginning of the integration, to help funding the development missions of the European Community; the European Social Fund (ESF), the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF), and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). In 1986, the cohesion policy was introduced after the agreement on the Single European Act with the objectives of re-uniting and developing the economy of member states all together. However, in order to achieve the goal of market development through support and competition between states, the members of the Union have to be equally strong or at least, the differences between countries shall not be very high in economic sense, or the poorer ones will not be able to survive within the Union. Reasons for having the European Regional Policy The European Union expansion has been achieved, but only in the number of members, not in economic and social development terms. Different countries have different financial and social status, but to unite them together and to improve their economic growth, these differences have to be reduced to the extent that they will not affect the countries with economic and social disadvantages in a negative way, but allow them to grow stronger together and compatible with the more-developed nations in the community. The enlargement in 2004 has included 10 poorer countries in Europe in to the Union; Poland, Cyprus, Slovakia, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Hungary, Malta, Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania and other 2 later on in 2007; Romania and Bulgaria, in to the European Union; making its numbers increased to 27 members (the EUs 5th Enlargement, 2004). The population of the union has increased significantly by 20%, but there was only 5% increase in the GDP or the Gross Domestic Product of the Union. The problem here is that now the GDP per person is lower than the average level of the European Union-27 in the percentage of 25% (one in four regions); making it a need to diminish their differences (Regional Policy, 2009). It is an idea agreed by all of the Unions members that in order to improve the economy of each state and of the union as a whole, competition within the market is required. To survive in the competitive market and to improve its economy, a state needs to make itself capable of competing. The regional policy is there for financing the in-needed regions projects and helping the countries within the union to reach their goal of economic expansion, competitiveness, and solidarity. Ideas and technology can also be shared between states as in the process of development. Main objectives There are three main objectives divided by the Union; Convergence, Regional Competitiveness and Employment, and European Territorial Cooperation, and three structural funds and instruments; the European Fund for Regional Development, the European Social Fund, and the Cohesion Fund. The policy for integrating and balancing the economic and social conditions in Europe is also known as the Cohesion Policy; whose current budget of 2007-2013 is 347.41 billion euro or around 35.7% of the overall budget of the European Union (Regional Policy, 2009). The Convergence Objective aims to promote economic growth and social development for the least-developed members of the Union in order to gain their ideal convergence. The areas of concern are environment, tourism, culture, transportation, energy, education, health, risk prevention, etc. The funding for this objective is consisted of around 282.8 billion euro (81.54% of the total Cohesion Policy funding) provided by the EFRD, ESF, and the Cohesion Fund [ibid]. The Regional Competitiveness and Employment objective helps supporting regions to toughen their economy by investing on the public and private sectors of the regional economy to emphasize on competition, attractiveness and employment. By doing so, they believe that it will provide more works with better standard for the people of each region which will also improve the regions economic and social conditions. This objective also has its aim on preserving the environment, improving transportation and communication system. The amount of funding for this objective is 55 billion euro (15.95% of the total Cohesion Policy funding) provided by EFRD and ESF [ibid]. The European Territorial and Co-operation objective is funded by the European Fund for Regional Development with the amount of 8.7 billion euro (2.52% of the total Cohesion Policy funding) [ibid]. This objective aims at improving the integrated regions social and economic conditions, transnational cooperation, and underlining the effectiveness of the Regional Policy. Geographical Eligibility The state members who are eligible for receiving the Cohesion Policy Fund are mostly countries from the 5th and 6th enlargements in 2004 and 2007, whose Gross National Income (GNI) are less than 90% of the average of the European Union. Regions which get this kind of funding are; Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Cyprus, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, and Slovakia (Regional Policy, 2009). Spain is another country that fits in this category, however, for Spain it is a special case since its GNI was low enough for this category when EU had 15 members. In order to deal with this matter, Spain was put under the â€Å"phasing-out system,† so the country will not be much affected after the ten poorer states join the Union in 2004. The Convergence objectives funding is available for countries whose Gross Domestic Product per person is lower than 75% of the European Union average (Regional Policy, 2009). Examples of regions in this category (EU-25) are; the whole Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and Slovenia, parts of Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Spain, Hungary, Italy, France, United Kingdom, and Portugal. For the phasing-out system; which was introduced to help reduce the effect it might have on the poor countries receiving this funding before the poorer 10 countries join the EU, which concerns countries who were eligible at the time when EU had 15 members are some regions in Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, Austria, Portugal, Italy, and the United Kingdom. The Regional Competitiveness and Employment Objectives funding is available to regions who are not supported by the convergence objective, and until 2013- whose GDP is higher than 75% of the EU-15 average. Examples of these regions are those in Eire-Ireland, Greece, Spain, Italy, Hungary, Portugal, etc. The geographical eligibility for the European Territorial Cooperation Objective consists of cross-border cooperation; transnational and interregional cooperation- including regions within a distance of 150km. alongside of inner, outer land borders, and maritimes. Who decides funds? The European commission will discuss with its member states about the cohesion policy and the strategy for dealing with each states conditions in order to reduce the existing disparities between the more developed and the less developed regions within the Union. After come to an agreement, the Commission will draw out a proposal and hand it over to the European Parliament and the European Council who will take it into consideration and decide on the structural funds and their regulations. Conclusion The expansion of the European Union is going well throughout the decades; however, after accepting new members from the poorer regions, especially in the enlargement of 2004, the European Union has faced with a bigger problem of social and economic differences between member states. In order to cope with this matter, the Regional Policy has been emphasized on more than in the past to improve the newly-joined-less-developed regions and the old-less-developed regions economic and social status, so that they are compatible with the more developed countries. In order to improve the European Unions economic and social status, the market has to remain its competitiveness and solidarity, meaning that if the poorer countries are less capable, they may not be able to survive or improve their economy, but financially and socially fail. The Regional Policy helps improve the smaller bits of the member states in regional scale to make better environment for the future stronger economy of the cou ntries and strengthen their conditions, so that they will be able to compete in the domestic and international market, improve their social and economic situations and also those of the Union as a whole. References Regional Policy, 2009. Regional Policy. European Commission. [online] Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/policy/history/index_en.htm [Accessed 20 March 2010]. The EU`s 5th Enlargement, 2004. The European Union in the World. Enlargement. [online] Available at: http://www.dellbn.ec.europa.eu/en/enlargement/index.htm [Accessed 20 March 2010]. Malais J. Haegeman, H., 2009. Analysis on the European Union Regional Policy. European Union Regional Policy. [online] Available at: http://www.iiuedu.eu/press/journals/sds/sds1_july_2008/07_SECC_03.pdf [Accessed 20 March 2010].

Learning From Grandfather (Grandpa) Essays -- Personal Narrative Profi

Learning From Grandfather My brother and I are playing on the porch steps, and are being watched intently by my grandmother. She gently rocks on the old cream colored swing, which proclaims of its lack of oil with every movement of its chains. The green indoor-outdoor carpeting that covers the steps too shows its age, with concrete poking through the edges. It scratches my legs as I sit and build things with my legos, but I have gotten used to the feeling. Today isn’t too hot, but the cool breeze that blows through is a welcome change. That breeze rustles through the lone apple tree that stands in the center of the yard. To my young eyes the tree seems ancient, worth nothing more than the robins nest in its twisted old branches, the apples it manages to produce worm ridden and sour. But while the quality was low, the quantity was large enough that apples littered the ground. This was quite evident as my Dad moved the grass. The drone of the engine and blade would stop every few seconds as applesauce was made. The mower was an older model and hadn't a bag, so pieces of the apples could be fired a distance. To prevent this, my grandpap and Dad would rake up most of them, but a few were always missed. As Dad cut the grass, my Grandpap, dressed in his white tee shirt and blue pants as always, raked the grass into several neat piles. The scent of freshly mown grass and tart apple mingled with the ozone smell of the air. A wonderful scent, if only it were not interrupted with a bout of headache inducing exhaust from the mower. I, as the eldest child, had the honor of helping rake up the grass. Later in the day, when Dad had finished, the mounds would be transferred to a metal garbage can, and then taken down the all... ...I think my Dad agreed, but neither of us would tell Grandpap that. Although I was unafraid to leave the porch, my brother preferred to stay on the swing with grandma. My bravery didn’t last long, as Dad took the grass to the pile without my customary wheel barrow ride. As I hugged Grandpap and Grandma goodbye I asked him, â€Å"Why didn’t you just kill the snake?† He replied,† It has just as much right to live as the robins in the tree, Edward. The snake was just lost. It probably wouldn’t have hurt any of us. Once you kill something, you can’t change it. You’ve ended that thing forever.† Of the many things I learned from my Grandfather, none have stayed so clear in my mind as that one, the value of life. It was a great pity that I didn’t have long to learn from him, as he died a scant three years later, but the lessons that I did will stay with me forever.

Essay about Madagascar Essay

Madagascar is the worlds fourth largest island located 20 ° N and 47 ° E, just off the shore of Mozambique (Southern Africa). The area of the island is 587,040 kilometers â€Å", with 4,828 kilometers of coastline, and it is slightly larger than twice the size of Arizona. Madagascar is a high plateau with a narrow coastal plain and mountains on the top. Their main natural resources consist of graphite, chromite, coal, bauxite, salt, quartz, tar sands, semiprecious stones, mica, fish, and hydropower. The land is 4.41% arable land, .093% is permanent crops, and 94.66% other. Madagascar has a population of 16,979,744 people, which means there is 30 people per square kilometer. Of the population 45% of people are between 0-14 years, 51.9% of people are between 15-64 years, and 3.1% of people are 64 and over. The population growth rate is 3.03% per year, the birth rate is 42.16 births per 1000 population per year, and the death rate is 11.88 deaths per 1000 population per year. The life expectancy for people of Madagascar is 53.86 for males and 58.53 for females. The rate for the number of people over 15 who can read and right is 68.9% The official name of Madagascar is the Republic of Madagascar. The official languages are French and Malagasy (Native). The main religions are 52% Local-Traditional Beliefs, 41% are Christian, and 7% are Islamic. Their type of government is a republic, in which their capital is located in Antananarivo. Madagascar divides the country into 6 provinces they are, Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, Toamasina, and Tolaira. Madagascar was formerly an independent kingdom before the 1880s. Madagascar became a French colony in 1886, but regained its independence in 1960. During 1992-93, free Presidential and National Assembly elections were held, ending 17 years of single-party rule. In 1997, in the second presidential race, Didier Ratsiraka, the leader during the 1970s and 1980s, was returned to the presidency. The 2001 presidential election was contested between the followers of Didier Ratsiraka and Marc Ravalomanana, nearly causing secession of half of the country. In April 2002, the High Constitutional Court announced Ravalomanana the winner. Their constitution was approved August 19, 1992 by national referendum. The Madagascar constitution establishes separation of powers among executive, legislative, and judicial branches with a multi-party political system. The president is elected by universal suffrage (anyone 18 or over) for a five year term with a two-term limit. Prime minister is nominated by bicameral parliament composed of Senate and National Assembly, and approved by the president. Supreme Court has eleven members and forms apex of other judicial bodies. Local government consists of twenty-eight regions with decentralized powers in economic field. In the first legislative elections of Third Republic in 1993 more than 120 political parties entered 4,000 candidates for 138 seats. Proportional representation list system encourages candidacies. Madagascar is a member of Agency for the French-Speaking Community (ACCT), African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States (ACP), African Development Bank (AfDB), Economic Commission for Africa (ECA), Food and Agriculture organization (FAO), Group of 77 (G-77), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) (IBRD), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), International Criminal Court (ICFTU)(Signatory), International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM), International Development Association (IDA), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), International Finance Corporation (IFC), International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS), International Labor Organization (ILO), International Monetary Fund (IMF), International Maritime Organization (IMO), Indian Ocean Commission (InOC), International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol), International Olympic Committee (IOC); International Organization for Migration (IOM), Nonaligned Movement (NAM), Organization of African Unity (OAU), United Nations (UN), United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Universal Postal Union (UPU), World Confederation of Labor (WCL), World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), World Meteorological Organization (WMO), World Tourism Organization (WToO), and World Trade  Organization (WTrO). Having discarded past socialist economic policies, Madagascar has since the mid 1990s followed a World Bank and IMF led policy of privatization and liberalization, which has placed the country on a slow and steady growth path. Agriculture, including fishing and forestry, is a mainstay of the economy, accounting for one-fourth of GDP and employing four-fifths of the population. Export earnings primarily are earned in the small industrial sector, which features textile manufacturing and agriculture processing. Deforestation and erosion, aggravated by the use of firewood as the primary source of fuel are serious concerns. The separatist political crisis of 2002 undermined macroeconomic stability, with the estimated drop in output being subject to a wide margin of error. Poverty reduction will be the centerpiece of economic policy for the next few years, seines how the 71% of the population are below the poverty line. Of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year, the value comes from 63% services, 25% agriculture, and 12% industry. Services consist of the telephone system, air and rail transportation, tourism, and retail sale. Industry consists of meat processing, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly, paper, petroleum. Agricultural produces mostly coffee, vanilla, shellfish, sugar, cotton, mining, and petroleum products. A unique blend of African and Asian landscapes and cultures is usually one of the first things recognized by first-time travelers to Madagascar. In the zebu cattle-raising regions of the south and west, for example, the savannas resemble those of East Africa. In the central highlands, however, irrigated and terraced rice fields evoke images of Southeast Asia. These contrasting images lie at the heart of an ongoing debate over the origins of the Malagasy people. According to one theory, peoples from the Indonesian archipelago migrated along the coast of south Asia, across the Arabian Peninsula into the east coast of Africa and, finally, across the Mozambique Channel into present-day Madagascar. This movement occurred over several generations and, because of the gradual interaction between Asian and African populations, led to the  arrival and eventual implantation of a distinct Malagasy people and culture. A second theory emphasizes the diversity of the peoples inhabiting Madagascar. Simply put, proponents argue that the Malagasy resulted from a series of migrations by different peoples over time. According to this theory, migrants from the Indonesian archipelago arrived first and eventually settled in the central highlands, followed by the arrival of African peoples as a result of normal migrational trends and the rise of the slave trade. Recent scholarship has suggested that perhaps the theories are complementary, with greater emphasis b eing placed on the first. Scholars traditionally have described Madagascar as being divided into eighteen or twenty ethnic groups, each with its own distinct territory; political developments in the contemporary period are often described in terms of ethnic conflict. Yet ethnicity is potentially misleading in the Malagasy context because it connotes a more or less self-sufficient and unique cultural, socioeconomic, and historically united group that perceives itself as being different from other groups. Another potentially valuable method of analyzing Malagasy society is to differentiate between the so-called cotiers, or peoples living in coastal areas, and those who live in the central highlands. Indeed, scholars have noted in recent years that the salience of ethnic group identity has declined, while the division between the central highlands peoples and the cotiers continues to be of great importance in understanding social and political competition. Although many observers equate the term central highlander with the Merina ethnic group (once again suggesting the importance of ethnicity), it is important to note that the Betsileo people also live within this region, and the Merina themselves have settled in other regions of the country. Equally important, many cotiers do not live anywhere near the coast. In this sense, the central highlands/cotier split is best understood as the historical outcome of the domination of the Merina empire, the original center of which was Imerina (a round the city of Antananarivo) and was located in the central highlands.

If You Are What You Eat, What Are You Professor Ramos Blog

If You Are What You Eat, What Are You Diabetes and obesity, especially among children, in America has risen over the past few decades according to the website The State of Obesity. It states that â€Å"since 1980, obesity rates among teens ages 12 to 19 quadrupled, from 5% to 20.6%†(3). This statistic alone should alarming enough for us to reverse our bad habits yet here we are pressing the snooze button. It is my opinion that besides lack of exercise, the main contributor to this epidemic is due to poor eating habits caused by misleading foods that seem appealing to the eye but not the stomach. These unhealthy addictions produce an inability to enjoy a full life and can lead to a person having a higher risk of diabetes and/or obesity. However eating healthy and limiting all types of meat consumption is a way we can start lowing these statistics. It is imperative that Americans start learning the importance of eating healthy so we can change and maintain a balanced diet before we pass the point of no return. Can you believe that it was just merely a few years ago in 2015 that a child the age of three in Texas was diagnosed with type-2 diabetes? Not only was she the youngest human ever to get the disease but she was 77 lbs when diagnosed. Now based on the information from a website called Kids Health, â€Å"An average 4-year-old weighs about 40 pounds†(5). That is more than twice the normal weight of a child this age which categorizes her as obese. Her parents were the main contributors, being overweight and eating unhealthy themselves yet was it their fault or societies fault for not educating them to the dangers and risks that certain foods have? I can understand when a working family needs a quick solution and wants something fast and easy. Most parents rarely have time to make a home cooked meal every night but is it worth the risk of their children’s health? It scares me and because according to The State of Obesity website â€Å"Among 2- to 5-year-olds, the rate more than doubled, from 5% to 13.9%, as did the rate of 6- to 11-year-olds with obesity, from 6.5% to 18.4%†(3). This is a subject we should not take lightly. Did you know that there is a positive correlation between meat consumption and obesity as well as type-2 diabetes? In an article titled Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets the authors state that by â€Å"using linear and logistic regression analyses, they showed that there was a positive association between meat consumption and obesity†(1). Berkow and Barnard, the authors of this paper, even report that â€Å"in Nutrition Reviews that a vegan or vegetarian diet is highly effective for weight loss†(1). So does this mean that you can actually reverse the effects of obesity by sustaining a healthy and nutritious diet by cutting out meat products? Well with the help of your primary physician combined with a lot of discipline, some exercise and the right diet for your body, it is possible to get done to an appropriate weight. Especially in youth we must try to stop this with a proper diet and cutting out meat might be a way to do it because â€Å"studies ex ploring the risk of overweight and food groups and dietary patterns indicate that a plant-based diet seems to be a sensible approach for the prevention of obesity in children†. This study also stated that â€Å"The Adventist Health Studies found that vegetarians have approximately half the risk of developing diabetes as nonvegetarians. In 2008, The Permanente Journal/ Spring 2013/ Volume 17 No. 2 Original RESEARCH CONTRIBUTIONS Nutritional Update for Physicians: Plant-Based Diets Vang reported that nonvegetarians were 74% more likely to develop diabetes over a 17-year period than vegetarians†(1). Even looking at insulin production from another article it says that â€Å"Plant-based diets are high in fiber, antioxidants, and magnesium, all of which have been shown to promote insulin sensitivity†(2). It seems as if less meat consumption does more than help out the environment because it also helps the individual in the environment. Now we’ve all heard the saying â€Å"You are what you eat† but do you know where it came from? This phrase was first said by Anthelme Brillat-Savarian in 1826 as â€Å"Dis-moi ce que tu manges, je te dirai ce que tu es† with the direct translation being Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are(4). To think that almost 200 years ago is when this saying came into the world yet where is the world now? We’ve all heard this self-explanatory saying one way or another yet why does it seem that diabetes and obesity rates are rising? Could it be that our diets are contributing to this more than we even want to realize? What if we could isolate the problem of this epidemic and cut it out before it cuts us out? So if you are what you eat, what are you? It is crucial that you ask this to begin the journey to your healthiest self. Personally, I am a proud vegetarian who is transitioning into full vegan. This means I am a very conscious consumer to make su re I know exactly how my food was made and what care contributed to its making. This all started in middle school when I first learned about this lifestyle from my mom and aunt. Now at first I took up a vegetarian diet to lose weight, but in doing so I changed my life forever. I feel I have been at a perfect weight ever since and hope to enlighten those who want to change their lives not just for themselves but for their families too. So does this sound too good to be true or just maybe too hard for you?   Well whether it sounds easy or hard it may actually seem difficult to maintain when you start thinking about it. Yet once you realize that the effects of obesity are the result from an unhealthy balance of greasy fatty foods then maybe we can start tackling this epidemic. We as a nation can create a happy and healthy America but it must start with us, the people. WORKS CITED (1)Tuso, Phillip, Scott R. Stoll, and William W. Li. A plant-based diet, atherogenesis, and coronary artery disease prevention. The Permanente Journal 19.1 (2015): 62. (2)McMacken, Michelle, and Sapana Shah. A plant-based diet for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.  Journal of geriatric cardiology: JGC  14.5 (2017): 342. (3) https://stateofobesity.org/ (4) http://rmc.library.cornell.edu/food/gastronomy/Physiologie_du_Gout_L.html (5) https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/growth-4-to-5.html

Data Base Essays

Data Base Essays Data Base Essay Data Base Essay C# Programming :: . NET Framework Which of the following statements are TRUE about the . NET CLR? 1. It provides a language-neutral development execution environment. 2. It ensures that an application would not be able to access memory that it is not authorized to access. 3. It provides services to run managed applications. 4. The resources are garbage collected. 5. It provides services to run unmanaged applications. A. Only 1 and 2 B. Only and 4 c. 1, 23,4 D. Only 4 and 5 Only 3 and 4 Answer Explanation Answer: Option C Explanation: No answer description available for this question. Let us discuss. 2. Which of the following are valid . NET CLR JIT performance counters? 1. Total memory used for JIT compilation 2. Average memory used for JIT compilation 3. Number of methods that failed to compile with the standard JIT 4. Percentage of processor time spent performing JIT compilation 5. Percentage of memory currently dedicated for JIT compilation 3. Which of the following statements is correct about Managed Code? Managed code is the code that is compiled by the JIT compilers. B. Managed code is the code where resources are Garbage Collected. C. Managed code is the code that runs on top of Windows. Managed code is the code that is written to target the services of the CLR. E. Managed code is the code that can run on top of Linux. Answer: Option D 4. Which of the following utilities can be used to compile managed assemblies into processor-specific native code? gacutil ngen dumpbin ildasm Answer: Option B 5. Which of the following are NOT true about . NET Framework? 1 . It provides a consistent object-oriented programming environment whether object code is stored and executed locally, executed locally but Internet-distributed, or xecuted remotely. . It provides a code-execution environment that minimizes environment that promotes safe execution of code, including code created by an unknown or semi-trusted third party. 4. It provides different programming models for Windows-based applications and Web-based applications. 5. It provides an event driven programming model for building Windows Device Drivers. 6. Which of the followi ng components of the . NET framework provide an extensible set of classes that can be used by any . NET compliant programming language? .NET class libraries Common Language Runtime Common Language Infrastructure Component Object Model Common Type System Answer: Option A 7. Which of the following Jobs are NOT performed by Garbage Collector? 1 . Freeing memory on the stack. 2. Avoiding memory leaks. 3. Freeing memory occupied by unreferenced objects. 4. Closing unclosed database collections. 5. Closing unclosed files. 8. Which of the following . NET components can be used to remove unused references from the managed heap? CLR Garbage Collector Class Loader CTS 9. Which of the following statements correctly define . NET Framework? It is an environment for developing, building, deploying and executing Desktop Applications, Web Applications and Web Services. B. It is an environment for developing, building, deploying and executing only Web Applications. C. It is an environment for developing, building, deploying and executing Distributed Applications. D. It is an environment for developing, building, deploying and executing Web Services. Explanation 10. Which of the following constitutes the . NET Framework? 1 . ASP. NET Applications 2. CLR 3. Framework Class Library 4. WinForm Applications . Windows Services No answer description available for this question. Let us discuss. 11. Which of the following assemblies can be stored in Global Assembly Cache? Private Assemblies Friend Assemblies Shared Assemblies Public Assemblies Protected Assemblies No answer description available for this question. Let us discuss. View Answer Workspace Report Discuss in Forum 12. Unmanaged Distributed Legacy Managed Code Native Code 13. Which of the following statements is correct about the . NET Framework? .NET Framework uses DCOM for achieving language interoperability. B. .NET Framework is built on the DCOM technology. .NET Framework uses DCOM for making transition between managed and unmanaged code. D. .NET Framework uses DCOM for creating unmanaged applications. E. .NET Framework uses COM+ services while creating Distributed Applications. Answer 14. Which of the following is the root of the . NET type hierarchy? System. ObJect System. Type System. Base System. Root 15. Which of the following benefits do we get on running managed code under CLR? 1 . Type safety of the code running under CLR is assured. 2. It is ensured that an application would not access the memory that it is not authorized to access. 3. It launches separate process for every application running under it. 4. The resources are Garbage collected. Only 2, 3 and 4 only 4 All of the above Answer: Option E No answer description available for this question. Let us discuss. 16. Which of the following security features can . NET applications avail? 1. PIN Security 2. Code Access Security 3. Role Based Security 4. Authentication Security 5. Biorhythm Security 17. Which of the following Jobs are done by Common Language Runtime? It provides core services such as memory management, thread management, and remoting. 2. It enforces strict type safety. 3. It provides Code Access Security. 4. It provides Garbage Collection Services. only 3, 4 18. Which of the following statements are correct about a . NET Assembly? 1. It is the smallest deployable unit. 2. Each assembly has only one entry point Main(), WinMain() or DLLMain(). 3. An a ssembly can be a Shared assembly or a Private assembly. 4. An assembly can contain only code and data. 5. An assembly is always in the form of an EXE file. 19. Which of the following statements are correct about JIT? 1 . JIT compiler compiles instructions into machine code at run time. 2. The code compiler by the JIT compiler runs under CLR. 3. The instructions compiled by JIT compilers are written in native code. 4. The instructions compiled by JIT compilers are written in Intermediate Language (IL) code. 5. The method is JIT compiled even if it is not called 20. Which of the following are parts of the . NET Framework? 1 . The Common Language Runtime (CLR) 2. The Framework Class Libraries (FCL) 3. Microsoft Published Web Services . Applications deployed on 11S 5. Mobile Applications only 1, z 3 only only 1, z 4 only 4, 5 Datatypes Which of the following statements are correct about data types? 1 . If the integer literal exceeds the range of byte, a compilation error will occur. 2. We cannot implicitly convert non-literal numeric types of larger storage size to byte. 3. Byte cannot be implicitly converted to float. 4. A char can be implicitly converted to only int data type. 5. We can cast the integral character codes. Which of the following is an 8-byte Integer? Char Long Short Byte Integer

Instructional Project Analysis Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Instructional Project Analysis Report - Essay Example Reading activities are aimed at increasing reading comprehension, developing vocabulary and research skills. Writing activities are aimed at developing accuracy in written information through simple compositions and accomplishing forms. The course consists of 12 modules. According to Chamut (1995), cognitive language learning fosters school achievement of students who are learning through the medium of a second language. Non-native English speakers face problems in learning academic subjects which use English as the medium of instruction. Due to the widespread use of English worldwide, language courses in English have become part of the academic curriculum in most countries. However, the English course in these situations take on the nature of a foreign language course and fails to really develop language proficiency skills in terms of comprehension, vocabulary and research skills due to limited usage of the language in everyday life. The instructional problem that arises therefore, is how to build on the existing language knowledge of English and implement a training strategy that hones English literacy skills allowing the participants to develop the ability to use oral and written English for daily needs, develop basic conversation skills and voca bulary, and use simple sentence patterns. The training is based on cognitive learning theory in which learners are mentally active participants in the teaching-learning process. Mental activity in the learners occur when they apply prior knowledge to new problems and search for meaning in new information. The instructional problem relates to a cognitive domain performance issues that can be solved by training. The goal of instructional programs is to build knowledge and skills that can be re-used for later learning or in various life situations, such as career. ESL training to help improve academic performance