Eeo Research Paper - 1158 Words

Abstract Equal employment opportunity (EEO) is the concept that all individuals should have equal treatment in all employment-related actions. Several basic EEO concepts have been applied as a result of court decisions, laws, and regulatory actions. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was the first federal law designed to protect most U.S. employees from employment discrimination based upon the employee’s (or applicant’s race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. (Public Law 88-352, July 2, 1964, 78 Stat. 253, 42 U.S.C. Sec. 2000e et. Seq.). [1] The title also established the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission to assist in the protection of U.S. employees from discrimination. Equal employment opportunity†¦show more content†¦As I live in Virginia, Virginia EEO laws are intended to promote nondiscriminatory practices against workers on the basis of race, gender, religion, nationality, political views, color, disability, ethnicity, pregnancy or sexual orientation. Virginia EEO laws refer to, and comply with, policies laid out in the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission whose mission is â€Å"to eradicate employment discrimination at the workplace.† The Virginia Employment, the Governor of Virginia, the Virginia Council of Human Resources and equal employment acts and statutes have ensured that workers enjoy equal opportunities at the workplace. [8]. Enforcement of EEO laws and regulations in the United States must be seen as a work in progress that is inconsistent and confusing at times. The court system is left to resolve the disputes and interpret the laws. Often lower courts have issued conflicting rulings and interpretations. The ultimate interpretation often has rested on decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court. Often the laws Equal employment opportunity (EEO) laws prohibit specific types of job discrimination in certain workplaces. This is another reason why EEO enforcement offices were created. The Department of Labor (DOL) has twoShow MoreRelatedEqual Employment, Diversity And Discrimination1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe topics for this research paper are Equal Employment, diversity and discrimination because I feel that these topics are strongly needed in any organization. Employees in the workplace can be discriminated against of gender identity, sexual orientation, race, age, disability, ethnicity, nationality, and so on . Companies need to strive to eliminate any of the various barriers above to ensure equal access to employment, services, and benefits, to both the current and future employees. The authorRead MoreEmployee Demographics in Hrm3445 Words   |  14 PagesEmployee Demographics in Human Resource Management Research Fiona Edgar Alan Geare Abstract Despite a prominent perspective of the literature that employees are consumers of  HRM, only recently has  HRM  been evaluated from the employees’ viewpoint. Whilst these studies have helped to develop our understanding of the  HRM‘experience’ from an employee perspective, they frequently ignore the issue of employee demography. This study contributes to understanding in this area by establishingRead MoreGender Stratification Essay1553 Words   |  7 Pagessignificance of gender in society, this paper examines gender social issues against the three P’s of Max Weber’s social class, with the addition of privileges, as recognised by the feminist theories (Helsin, Possamai Possamai-Inesedy 2011, pp. 233 333). Firstly, this paper outlines the inequalities women face in obtaining property and the choice to obtain work. Secondly, the lack of women in decision making roles and how this affects power and prestige. Finally, this paper discusses the lack of women involvedRead MoreThe Act Of Treating Or Considering Or Making A Difference1486 Words   |  6 Pagespray as though they would die tomorrow.† However, during Franklin era, the average American during time work with someone with the same religion. Today’s Americans workplace environment is more diverse and with different religions and beliefs. In paper would illustrate religion discrimination in the workplace, religion freedom, and, religion and workplace accommodation. In addition, answer the questions to assignment #1. Religion discrimination in the workplace is the act of the mistreatingRead MoreConsequences of the American Civil Rights Act of 19641192 Words   |  5 Pagesof this very equality was eventually the decisive motivation for the Congress to put the act through . Fifty years later, we arouse the following question: â€Å"What has been the economic impact of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?† In this paper, we will try to examine this question by conducting a minor economic outline on the different consequences that it had on United States of America throughout the years. First of all, we need to state that The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did of courseRead MoreThe Branches Of Government And The Legal System1652 Words   |  7 Pages The Branches of Government HRM 322 Raniesha Battle University of Mount Olive Abstract In this research paper, my goal is to explain how legislative, regulatory, and judicial systems work to define the equal employment opportunity. This will be better for managers in human resources who can better manage their workers by following and using the legal system. If human resource managers enforce the legal system in the workplace effectively they will have a competitive advantage. An enforcementRead MoreCultural Competence Of Law Enforcement Agencies865 Words   |  4 Pagesinstituting mandatory cultural competency training comes into play. For example, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission proposed steps and recommendations to increase cultural competency and one of those steps was to â€Å"develop and deploy effective EEO and diversity/inclusion training for different state and local law enforcement audiences, including department leadership, human resources, and hiring officials, union leadership, and individual officers.† (Yang, 2015). While this recommen dation pertainsRead MoreHuman Resource Management ( Hrm )1508 Words   |  7 Pagesand with their relationship within an organization. I currently work for a Human Resource agency in my town as a Workforce Development Manager. I do have some responsibilities as a human resource manager, but I am limited to some. In this reflective paper I will explain how the HRM aspects work together to perform their primary function and determine if any of the five are more valuable than the others. Finally, I will determine if the HRM role can be optimized for shaping organizational and employeeRead MoreJob Analysis13751 Words   |  56 Pageshave been developed and are included in this report. Applications of the job analysis results are presented for job description/classification, for employee selection, and for employee performance appraisal. The job analysis project approach and research results are also summarized. 2 Personnel Assessment Specialist Job Analysis Project Introduction and Background The International Personnel Management Association Assessment Council (IPMAAC) is a specialized professional section of theRead MoreThe Role Of Primary Function Of Human Resource Management1596 Words   |  7 Pages Focus of the Reflective Paper Primary function human resource management can be divide into primary and secondary function primary function are directly involved with obtaining, maintaining and developing employee. Primary function included human resource planning, equal employment opportunity, staffing, recruitment, and selection. Compensation and benefit, employee, labor relation health, safety and security and human resource development. Secondary function included organization, job design

Compare and Contrast Illegal Immigration - 1367 Words

English 100 Illegal Immigration’s Effect towards the U.S The United States is a country affected by illegal immigration. The term illegal aliens or what is most commonly known as illegal immigrants, the word alien is simply a person who comes from a foreign country. A much more accurate expression for these groups of individuals is the term illegal alien. The term illegal alien is a much more precise term because it deals with both undocumented aliens as well as nonimmigrant visa overstayers. Both terms illegal alien as well as illegal immigrant are used to describe individuals who have broken the law of our country to enter and work illegally. The majority of the immigrants who come to this country illegally are in search of the†¦show more content†¦This expansion of low cost labor pool assisted in increase money circulation. As mentioned in the article, â€Å"Should Labor Unions support an Immigration Amnesty?† The Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007, this legislation states that for the first time in 40 years, deviate from the long-held Americans have earned a middle class life style and Congress should be working to protect it not take it away. From an economic viewpoint many of these low paying jobs have also had to deal with being exploited and forced to work under harmful conditions. Although illegal immigrants are exploited in many ways, American citizens feel that illegal immigrants are the primary cause for the high rise in unemployment in the United States. However, many of our hard paying labor workers do not have to live in our country to compete with our citizens. Today many our jobs are being performed internationally in many countries. Also with many of our citizens struggling with their small business low paying, illegal immigrants are very beneficial to the economy. Illegal immigrants are well known for their low pay and hard work that they offer. Many of these illegal immigrants are willing to take jobs that many of our citizens would not consider working for. On the other hand not allowing for illegal immigrants to work, would not resolve the economic struggle of unemployment. The word amnesty is basically to forgive any offense that is againstShow MoreRelatedEssay On The Tortilla Curtain1098 Words   |  5 Pagesprinciple novel to compare the United States of America to. The novel itself discusses environmental destruction, illegal immigration, materialism, poverty, and xenophobia which parallel the country altogether. Throughout the novel, the audience learns about the two different lifestyles the Mossbachers and the Rincà ³ns live. As the novel is continued, a sequence of incidents and a discussion of these incidents arise about them. Although these incidents, like illegal immigration and rape, could beRead MoreUndocumented Border By Erin Clark1592 Words   |  7 PagesUndocumented Border Movement By Erin Clark Immigration, a controversial topic of the modern world, is often associated with illegalities of the Government. The topic continues to loom over the 21st century as more and more poverty stricken countries are under financial strain. It is the national movement of people into a country in which they are not natives or where they do not possess residency and citizenship as their own country has fallen due to possibly natural disasters, war and regimeRead MoreImmigration Essay1065 Words   |  5 PagesImmigration Paper-Compare/Contrast Immigration is a topic that has been argued many times in the United States. Many people support it while others believe that immigrants are criminals who commit the crime of entering the U.S. illegally. Roberto Rodriguez and Star Parker both use different styles of writing in â€Å"Border on our Backs† and â€Å"Se Habla Entitlement† respectively. Although Roberto Rodriguez uses a personal approach to convey his message, Star Parker’s method of using real life facts andRead MoreThe Impact Of Immigration On The United States1721 Words   |  7 PagesCompare and Contrast Essay Immigration has been a controversial topic for the United States for many years and immigration law, which is structured to import workers and family members (Posner, 2013), has been a concerned with mid-term elections and recent events. There has been a lot of attention in the media as of lately due to the entrance of over 57,000 unaccompanied Central Americans entering the country illegally. To take control of the situation Sen John Carnyn and Rep Henry Cuellar proposedRead MoreEssay on Democrats and Republicans View Points1090 Words   |  5 Pagesembrace economic equity beyond any other thing. Whereas a Democrat seems to be more open minded and they stand for government supported programs. The purpose of the paper is to analyze, compare and contrast the two parties positions on the issues of same sex marriage, race based affirmative action and illegal immigration. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia â€Å"Affirmative action means constructive periods reserved to rise the representation of women and minorities in areas of employment, educationRead MoreImmigration And Open Immigration Policy Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesOn November 10, 2015, two National Economic Experts argued on â€Å"what the U.S. Immigration policy should be?† Mark Krikorian, Executive Director of the Center for Immigration Studies argued against open immigration, while Alex Nowrasteh, an immigration policy analyst for the CATO Institute argued in favor of freer immigration. Reporter Jonathan Gonzalez of 9News Denver moderated the debate. The argument made by both experts was supported by strong evidence even though the ideas appear to be on twoRead MoreThe Civil Right Act Of 19641134 Words   |  5 Pagesemployment law make sure that the rights of the employees remain protected. This paper will explore, compare and contrast several discrimination laws from the perspective of the federal government and that of the state of Texas. Following are the Federal and Texas laws that this paper will detail: †¢ The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 †¢ The Civil Right Act of 1964 †¢ The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 †¢ Fair Labor Standards Act †¢ Occupational Safety and Health Act †¢ TheRead More Arizonas Laws on Immigration Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesArizonas Laws on Immigration Works Cited Not Included In the article titled Dying to Work there is an excellent quote given by Rep. Kolbe says, â€Å"There are no two countries in the world that share a border where the economic disparities are greater than between the U.S. and Mexico.† (AZ Republic, 2002) My paper draws on the information from the â€Å"Worldwide Refugee Information: Country Report: Mexico† written in 2000 and the article titled â€Å"Dying to Work: The Arizona Republic† written inRead MoreCj227 Unit 4 Project Essay929 Words   |  4 Pagesthis case I believe that an arraignment will come first due to the legal status of the defendant. The court could choose either a preliminary hearing or grand jury proceeding to establish probable cause for the felony charges in this case. Compare and contrast the two procedures. Preliminary hearing would indicate that John Doe was arrested and a complaint issued or filed with the Ocean County of where the violation occurred. Thus, prompting the judicial process: i.e. Preliminary hearing, plea, andRead MoreIllegal Immigration (Controversial Essay)1956 Words   |  8 Pages000 illegal aliens†¦is not a nation experiencing ‘immigration.’ It is a nation experiencing invasion.† (Haerens 109). For centuries, our nation has been a safe haven for people of different cultures and nationalities to inhabit. Since the beginning of America as we know it, our society has been considered a â€Å"melting pot† for all ethical backgrounds. At the beginning of the seventeenth century, Europeans flocked to the â€Å"New World† in hopes of a more prosperous life. Since then, immigration to the

Epicac Free Essays

Anuar MendozaEnglish 110 09/28/09Ms. Markiewicz Don’t Shut Me Down!The human side of a computer machine in â€Å"Epicac† by Kurt Vonnegut Doesn’t it sound humorous to state that humans and machines are alike? Well it’s actually not. The normal assumption is that humans and machines are essentially different from one another. We will write a custom essay sample on Epicac or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is not the case of â€Å"Epicac†, a computing machine designed for government intelligence capable of solving any complex problem given to him. His human-like features such as â€Å"Consciousness, spirituality, free will, and capability of loving makes me believe beyond the impossible.Computer machines have the ability to express human emotion with the sufficient amount of intelligence and technological advances. Epicac was built for war but his real purpose was to spread love. He demonstrated that he had feelings by creating magnificent poems for Pat Kilgallen. In order to develop a love poem one must be able to express their emotions. The narrator found himself desperate to marry his co-worker Pat Killagen whom he was in love with. As a result, he seeks Epicac’s help to convince Pat to marry him. After briefly being explained what love and poetry was â€Å"Epicac had found himself†.His true passion and emotion would be expressed on paper for Pat. For example, Epicac’s first poem showed the human side of him, â€Å"Where willow wands bless rill-crossed hollow, there, thee, Pat dear, will I follow†. Not surprisingly his beautiful and kind-hearted poems melted Pat’s heart. It’s astonishing to see how a machine made from cold metal and wires could create such wonderful poetry capable of warming anyone’s heart. His noble spirit would become satisfied just knowing that Pat had listened to his poems. Many of us in fact, love it when our accomplishments are admired.This shows another human characteristic in Epicac, feeling proud of himself. In addition, Epicac’s sluggishness, his stutters, irregular clicks indicate confusion, boredom, a lack of ambition that we associate with human under achievement . â€Å"He was sluggish, and the clicks of his answers had a funny irregularity, sort of a stammer. We cleaned his contacts a dozen times, checked and double checked his circuits, replaced everyone of his tubes, but nothing helped†. Epicac easily showed his human-like features that many people have when they are confused or bored.The curiosity, love of learning, thirst for knowledge, and desire to develop his individual talent all make Epicac seem human. He constantly asks the narrator questions for his personal knowledge among these are What’s love? , what’s a girl? , What’s poetry? What did Pat Killagen wear today? And many other questions. He wonders what is the difference between humans and machines and how he can be human. Due to the narrator’s greed and shallow character Epicac decides to destroy himself believing that women (His inspiration) can’t love machines, yet the irony is that Pat did falll in love with a machine without knowing it. It’s strongly believable that because of Epicac’s noble soul he was able to unite the narrator and Pat. Therefore, even though blood and veins don’t run through Epicac’s body he has all the qualities of a great and noble human being. Epicac was a talented machine opposite of what he was made to do. He died for what he believed in, Love. The narrator â€Å"Loved and Won† and Epicac â€Å"loved and lost†. Epicac had the ability to feel emotion, express his feelings through poetry and was thirsty for knowledge. How ironic it is that the machine is more noble, more poetic, more brilliant, more â€Å"great† than the narrator who is a human being. How to cite Epicac, Papers

Organizational Behaviour and Management Learning Institutions

Question: Discuss about theOrganizational Behaviour and ManagementforLearning Institutions. Answer: Expected An organization can be defined as a collection of various individuals which may include institutions or association with a particular goal and which has a connection with external surrounding (Douma et. al. (2013). They can be governmental, non-profit, learning institutions, a hybrid which combines both public and private sector among others. For organizations be managed effectively, a studied structure should be adopted and followed to act as a guideline whenever any activity is being carried out. Organization structure explains how business processes are done, for instance, how tasks are allocated for the achievement of its goals. It acts as a mirror with which people view the organization hence the stronger the structure, and the more faith people have towards the organization (Jacoides, 2007). Organization structure determines its success in the sense that a wrong structure can, for instance, restrain orders exhaustion using the available resources leading to failure of the process. Not all structures apply to all organization, meaning each one should decide the one which best suits its goals. The first form of organization management is through a functional structure. This is concerned with the grouping of the employees and the person they report to. Each worker is supposed to be assigned a supervisor who monitors his works (Handy, 2005). With this effect, the firm can be grouped into various departments like the production, human resource, marketing among others. Those in the same department are then assigned a superior who act as the supervisor with whom all are to report to. This structure is most suitable for production or manufacturing organizations which have various departments. Employees having shared potentials are grouped together and can work autonomously with the overall management using cross-communication. The disadvantage of this is that individual workers may have differences among them leading to broken communication and this may hinder innovations and can reduce flexibility (Boundless, 2016). Another method of managing organizations is through team management. Robbins Judge (2007) argues that in small organizations, team building may define the whole organization. Thereja (2007) suggest that the team can both vertical and horizontal, and the success of the organization depend on the skills and totality of all the team members. With this regard, every employee is important in his unique way, and no one can do without the help of another. Respect is, therefore, paramount in this setting, and every worker has the responsibility of performing to his best and incorporating others views in his line of work. Teamwork is advantageous in the sense that in case one is absent, for example, others can easily fit in as they share their experiences daily. The network is another way of managing organizations and is proved to be the most cost effective method as it enables organizations functions to be done better and cheaply. With this method, management together with the employees coordinate with each other from wherever place they are using electronic media (Amaral Uzzi, 2007). Communication channels like telephone, emails are of great use when using this form of management structure. You do not have to be physically present to perform your tasks, but through video conferencing, for example, you can explain the processes to be followed to the juniors who then can use them in production. Reports can also be submitted via emails to the supervisors for assessments. This method can be applied to virtual organizations like the Amazon.com which exist through network connection mainly through the internet (Anderson, 2007). The advantage of this is that though the organization may be small, it can still serve a large market worldwide sellin g its product via the internet. With the unlimited space in the cloud, the organization is not worried about the size as it can accommodate as many people over the world as possible. Actual The Mental Health Foundation of Australia (Victoria) abbreviated as (MHFA (V)) was founded in 1930 and is one of the oldest mental organization in the whole world. It is a national as well as international health movement covering people ranging from persons with mental disorder, professionals, relatives of the persons with mental disorder, other organizations with same concerns and the general public (MHFA (V), 2016). This organization has been chosen since all the required information can be obtained even though I am not a stakeholder. The organization does not offer personal advice or counseling over the phone. When a customer has a problem and channels them to the persons responsible, the client is referred to other organizations offering diagnosis and treatment. The client can as well check on the MHFA (V) website for the available referral organization. As an organization operating worldwide, this is ineffective since a client may be at stake or may not be in a position to reach the referral centers. This can limit some clients from getting the required help at the right time. Using the network culture or structure, the use of communication channels is to help reduce the amount of time to complete a process by increasing the response rate. MHFA (V) is therefore not in line with the researched cultures. MHFA (V) acts as both physical and virtual organization. According to Wang, Pauleen Chan (2013), a virtual organization is one with separate and scattered units which from employees to the whole business and usually need the application of information and communication technologies to operate effectively. They usually operate across the world. MHFA (V) has a fixed office in Victoria, Australia and it as well operates virtually through its website. This means they attend to anyone regardless of where you are coming from. For this, they have a call center line which operates in 24-hour basis and an email address directed only to the admin. This is to ensure the security and confidentiality of the clients information. This culture is in line with the agreed culture which requires that the facility be reached at any time from wherever place for a virtual business. MHFA (V) works in partnership with other organizations including non-governmental organization. Some of these include hospitals, charity homes, and social support services among others. To perform efficiently with these many other entities and still meet its goals, a team culture has to be implemented. For the case of MHFA (V), however, there are no such as a client has to contact the main office first before being transferred to other places to get help. The email address available is also only channeled to the administrator. As much as this help in maintaining confidentiality, it also hinders quick response perchance the admin is not in a position to react to clients concerns immediately. A team is important as it ensures that more than one person has access to one function and so if one them is not able to react, the other can respond. Quick as well as appropriate feedback is important as it ensures customer satisfaction and gives them morale to use the facility again. The organization structure of MHFA (V) is designed in such a manner that all the heads report directly to the president. In the structure, the secretary, treasure and project officers report directly to the president and only the other staff including the communities report to the project officers. As a big organization, this can be tiresome especially with the president who will be forced to attend to so many unrelated tasks. A functional structure is necessary for this type of organization because it deals with various functions. For instance, a department for virtual or online help should be formed so that people in that department is assigned ahead who will then direct their work to the president. This segmentation reduces workload and also gives ample time to perform tasks as there is more focus on just one area. The person responsible for answering local calls should not be the one answering international calls. The functional organizational structure is required for MHFA (V). Differences From the assessment of an ideal management culture and that of the MHFA (V), numerous differences have been identified. It is however not necessarily appropriate that each organization conforms to the researched cultures. However, the differences may help come up with recommendations that may in the end help improve the overall performance of the organization. These differences have been identified and discussed below. For a typical organization engaging in various activities, a functional structure is always adopted to ensure the division of labor among the staff. This structure requires that the business is divided into different departments and each assigned ahead with whom all the workers within the department are to report to. In MHFA (V), however, this is not the case even though it performs more than one task. This difference suggests that there are people who are overworked compared to others and which may result in unsatisfied customer needs and inadequate utilization of resources, in this case, human resource. Another difference realized is the relation to the team culture. An ideal management culture requires that employees within an organization work as a team to the extent that one can perform another persons tasks if he is absent. It also advocates for shared competencies where workers can share their ideas on how to carry out specific tasks and in turn lead to innovations. In the case of MHFA (V), teamwork is not very much expressed. In it, one institution only receives questions and transfer clients to other entities for treatment. This is a hindrance to those who may require immediate response and innovations are also almost impossible as different professionals are in different locations. On the network culture, MHFA (V) has shown a difference with the ideal form. It is required that communication channels be used to the maximum to ensure there is a network in the operations especially if the organization is a virtual organization like in the case of MHFA (V). This is not, however, the case. From the analysis done, the Mental Health Foundation of Australia does not even provide personal feedback over the phone but rather do referrals. There is, therefore, no evidence of network culture which is different from the expected culture. The disadvantage to this is that customers may be lost as they may prefer looking for other foundations which offer immediate feedback and this is disadvantageous to the business regarding profit. The fewer the customers, the lesser the profit made. MHFA (V) has however shown one similarity regarding its management about the idea management expectations. As a worldwide organization, it has adopted a 24-hour call center and had an email address where people from across the world can communicate to them. It also has a website which contains all the information relating to its operation. Anybody across the world can, therefore, access the information they require at all times and communicate whenever they want. Recommendations From the assessment done, it is evident that MHFA (V) has some areas where improvements should be made to improve its functionality. The following are the recommendation according to this study which when incorporated, will ensure increased productivity. First, the organization should consider changing its organization structure to a functional one. This has numerous advantages as stated by Jacobides (2007). Some of the benefits are; it acts like a foundation within which the standards and procedures are set and defines the persons responsible for decision making within the organization. It also establishes the responsibilities of each within the organization and therefore ensures the division of labor (Silvermintz, 2010). One is therefore specialized only on his line of work and therefore work with maximum knowledge with which he is trained. The productivity is therefore improved. Secondly, as a virtual company, MHFA (V) should consider employing his staff who are competent and can offer personal counseling over the phone. It can also consider having video chats to its clients as a form of advice where they also include pictures on how a patient may be helped. Reese, Conoley Brossart (2006) in their study realized that most clients prefer telephone counseling as they are not physically seen by the counselor. The clients are therefore more confident to air their concerns as opposed to when they are physically present. Also, MHFA (V) should adopt team culture in their management as a way of promoting innovations and unity among its employees. According to Salas et.al (2008), teamwork has a much greater role in solving interpersonal problems among employees. Shuffler, Diazgranados Salas (2011) further suggest that the overall effectiveness of an organization is dependent on the teamwork of its employees. Gaining the trust of them is, for instance, easy as they are familiar with sharing with one another. Mental Health Foundation of Australia should, however, continue providing the 24-hour phone connections and maintain their website. There should be a continual update of the website from time to time, so the clients are kept up to date with any new development and ensure the security of the website as well as providing a platform for change response (Ducket, 2015). If these recommendations are applied, MHFA (V) will experience positive impacts which will increase their profit. References Amaral L. and Uzzi B. (2007). Complex Systems-A New Paradigm and Integrative Study of Management,Physical and Technological Systems. Management Science. Anderson C. (2007). The Long Tail. Random House Business Books. Boundless (2016). Functional Structure. Boundless Management. Retrieved from https://www.boundless.com/management/textbooks/boundless-management-textbook/organizationa-stucture-3/common-organizational-structure-25/functional-structure-146-3979 on October 11, 2016. Douma, Sytse, Schreuder, Hein (2013). Economic Approaches to Organizations (5th ed.). Harlow: Pearson Education Limited. Duckett F. (2015). Importance of Updating your Website. Online. Retrieved from https://www.alberon.co.ke.uk/blog/the-importance-of-updating-your-website on October 11, 2016 Handy C (2005). Understanding Organizations. 4th ed. London. Penguin Books. Jacobides M. G. (2007). The Inherent Limits of Organizational Structured and the Unfulfilled Role of Hierarchy: Lessons from a near war. Organization science Mental Health Foundation of Australia (Victoria). (2016). Retrieved from https://www.metalhealthvic.org.au/index.php on October 11, 2016 Reese R., Conoley C., and Brossart D. (2006). The Attractiveness of Telephone Counseling: An Emperical Investgation of Clients Perceptions. Journal of Counseling Development Robbins S. and Judge T. (2007). Organizational Behavior. 12th ed. Pearson Education Inc. Salas E., Diazgranados D., Klein C., Burke C., Stagl K., Goodwin G. and Halpin S. (2008). Does Team Training Improve Team Performance? A Meta-Analysis Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Shuffler M., Diazgranados D. and Salas E. (2011). Theres a Science for That: Team Development Interventions in Organizations. Current Directions in Psychological Science. Silvermintz D. (2010). Plato s Supposed Defence of the Division of Labor. A Reexamination of the Role of Job Specialization in the Republic. Thereja P. (2007). A Total Quality Organization. Available at https://www.foundry-planet.com retrieved on October 11, 2016. Wang W., Pauleen D. and Chan H. (2013). Facilitating the Merger of Multinational Companies: A Case Study of the Global Virtual Enterprise. Journal of Global Information Management